Contoh :
- Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
- Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari
contoh ini bisa kita lihat bahwa:
1.
Object dari active voice (the soil) jadi
subject dari passive voice
2.
Subject dari active voice (we) jadi object dari
passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun
‘we’ jadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3.
Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice jadi
verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4.
Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang
digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang
digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5.
Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3.
Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak
diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6.
Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive
(present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect
continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan
“being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan
contoh-contoh pada poin h – o
di bawah.
Berdasarkan
keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object
+ modifier
|
Pola
active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika
active voice dalam simple present
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
- Active : He meets them everyday.
- Passive : They are met by him everyday.
- Active : She waters this plant every two days.
- Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika
active voice dalam simple past
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
- Active : He met them yesterday
- Passive : They were met by him yesterday
- Active : She watered this plant this morning
- Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika
active voice dalam present
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary has atau have, sehingga jadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He has met them
- Passive : They have been met by him
- Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
- Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5
minutes.
d. Jika
active voice dalam past perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary had, sehingga
jadi had been
Contoh:
- Active : He had met them before I came.
- Passive : They had
been met by him before I came.
- Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when
I got here
- Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I
got here
e. Jika
active voice dalam simple future
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
- Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
- Passive : They will
be met by him tomorrow.
- Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
- Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next
week
- Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next
week.
f. Jika
active voice dalam future perfect
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary will have, sehingga
jadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He will have met them before I get there
tomorrow.
- Passive : They will
have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
- Active : She will have watered this plant before I get
here this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get
here this afternoon.
g. Jika
active voice dalam past future
perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah
auxiliary would have, sehingga
jadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
- Active : He would have met them.
- Passive : They would
have been met by him.
- Active : She would have watered this plant.
- Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika
active voice dalam present
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He is meeting them now.
- Passive : They are
being met by him now.
- Active : She is watering this plant now.
- Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika
active voice dalam past
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He was meeting them.
- Passive : They were
being met by him.
- Active : She was watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika
active voice dalam perfect continuous
tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He has been meeting them.
- Passive : They have
been being met by him.
- Active : She has been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika
active voice dalam past perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He had been meeting them.
- Passive : They had
been being met by him.
- Active : She had been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika
active voice dalam future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will be meeting them.
- Passive : They will
be being met by him.
- Active : She will be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika
active voice dalam past future
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would
be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika
active voice dalam future perfect
continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will have been meeting them.
- Passive : They will
have been being met by him.
- Active : She will have been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika
active voice dalam past future
perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would
be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
1.
Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched
by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul
oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
2.
The Indonesian football team was beaten
by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab
Saudi).
3.
These plants were watered by my sister a
few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang
lalu).
4.
There is no meal left. All has been devoured
by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh
Yeyes).
5.
English is studied by all high school
students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan
(SMP dan SMA).
That’s all. Untuk
mengetahui pemahaman kamu dalam kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, silakan
kerjakan latihan di bawah ini
1.
Kamu sedang diajar Bahasa Inggris oleh aku.
2. Aku
sedang menulis pelajaran Bahasa Inggris.
3. Handphone
aku telah dipinjam oleh teman.
4. Gambar aku
diambil oleh wartawan kemarin.
5. Kami akan
nonton bioskop minggu depan.
Jawaban buat soal A.
1.
You are taught English lesson by me.
2. I am
writing English lesson.
3. My hand
phone has been borrowed by my friend.
4. My
picture was taken by the journalist yesterday.
5. We will
watch the movie next week
Dari jawaban di atas,
Kamu bisa simpulin sendiri yang mana kalimat active, dan mana yang kalimat
passive.
1.
Ubahlah kalimat aktif di bawah ini jadi kalimat
pasif.
1.
I understand English a little.
2. They were
calling her in this room at 7.00 am.
3. He has
taught you for 3 months.
4. Yunaz
gave you a gift.
5. I will
write the answer of the questions next week.
Jawaban buat soal B
1.
English is understood a little (by me)
2. She was
being called (by them) in this room at 7.00 am
3. You have
been taught (by him) for 3 months
4. You were
given a gift (by Yunaz).
5. The
answer of the questions will be written (by me) next week.
Itulah jawaban buat
soal yang B. Kenapa by me, by them, dan seterusnya aku tulis dalam kurung?
Karena itu boleh disebutkan atau tidak. Biasanya, dalam percakapan langsung, dimana
orang yang yang dimaksud udah jelas, dia tidak disebutkan.
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